According to legend, Christopher Columbus sighted the island on November 11, 1493, the feast day of Saint Martin of Tours, and named it San Martin in his honor. At the time it was populated, if at all, by Carib Amerindians, who had displaced the earlier Arawak people not long before the Spaniards' arrival.
Full European control wasn't established until the mid-17th century, after a struggle among the French, English, Dutch, Danish and Spanish for control of the West Indies. The Dutch first worked the island's salt ponds in the 1620s; Spain recaptured the island in 1633 and built the fort now known as Ft. Amsterdam. Slavery, introduced by the Spanish in the 16th century and expanded under French and Dutch sugarcane plantations in the 18th, was abolished in the first half of the 19th century.
The division between French and Dutch territory dates to 1648, making St. Martin/Sint Maarten one of the smallest islands in the world ever divided between two nations. The population today reflects that layered history — a mixture of Amerindian, European, African and Asian ancestry across both sides of the island.
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