Christopher Columbus sighted the island in 1493 and named it for his brother, Bartolomeo. The French established the first permanent European settlement in 1648, and the island has been closely tied to France ever since — with one notable exception: in 1784, France sold St. Barths to Sweden in exchange for trading rights in Gothenburg, and it was renamed Gustavia after the Swedish king.
France repurchased the island in 1878, and it was administered as part of Guadeloupe for well over a century. St. Barths voted to separate from Guadeloupe in 2003, becoming its own French overseas collectivity in 2007 — a status that gives it a locally elected Territorial Council with real authority over local taxation, alongside the French state's own representative, the Prefect.
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