An estimated 30,000 Lucayans — who had migrated from Cuba and Hispaniola around the 11th century — lived in the Bahamas when Christopher Columbus arrived in 1492. The Spanish forced much of that population into slavery on Hispaniola, where most died of disease and mistreatment.
The first permanent British settlements were established in 1648. In 1670, King Charles II granted the islands to the Carolinas in North America, with rights to trade, tax and appoint governors. The Bahamas became a haven for pirates, including Blackbeard, until Britain made it a crown colony in 1718 to suppress piracy — afterward resettling thousands of Loyalists and their enslaved people, and later thousands of Africans freed after Britain abolished the slave trade in 1807.
The Duke of Windsor served as Governor in the 1940s, followed by the rise of political parties in the 1950s and internal self-government granted by Britain in 1964.
The Bahamas became a fully independent nation on 10 July 1973, and remains part of the Commonwealth of Nations, the IMF, the World Bank and the United Nations. Tourism and offshore finance have driven the economy since the 1950s, alongside ongoing challenges in education, health care, housing and immigration.
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