Jamaica was inhabited by Arawak (Taíno) people when Christopher Columbus explored it in 1494 and named it Santiago. It remained under Spanish rule until 1655, when it became a British possession. Buccaneers operated from Port Royal, also the capital, until it fell into the sea during an earthquake in 1692. Disease decimated the Arawaks, so slaves were imported to work the sugar plantations.
During the 17th and 18th centuries the British were consistently harassed by the Maroons, armed bands of freed slaves living in the countryside. Abolition of the slave trade (1807), emancipation of the slaves (1833), and falling sugar prices eventually led to a depression that produced an uprising in 1865. The following year Jamaica became a Crown colony, and conditions improved considerably; the introduction of bananas reduced dependence on sugar.
Jamaica gained independence from Britain in 1962, remaining a Commonwealth realm. Today, under Prime Minister Andrew Holness (since 2016, re-elected 2025) and Governor-General Sir Patrick Allen, Jamaica's economy leans on tourism, agriculture, remittances and its global cultural influence through music and sport.
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